In 1824, the U.S. War Department created the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
In 1845, John Chapman, better known as Johnny Appleseed, died in Allen County, Ind.
In 1861, In Montgomery, Ala., delegates from South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas adopted the Permanent Constitution
of the Confederate States of America.
In 1888, more than 200 people died as a four-day snowstorm crippled New York City.
In 1918, the first cases of “Spanish” influenza were reported in the United States. By 1920, the virus had killed as many as 22 million people worldwide,
500,000 in the United States.
In 1930, William Howard Taft became the first former U.S. president to be buried in the national cemetery at Arlington, Va.
In 1941, the Lend Lease Bill to help Britain survive attacks by Germany was passed by the U.S. Congress and signed into law by U.S. President Franklin
D. Roosevelt.
In 1942, after struggling against great odds to save the Philippines from Japanese conquest, U.S. Army Gen. Douglas MacArthur abandoned the island fortress
of Corregidor under orders from U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, leaving behind 90,000 U.S. and Filipino troops.
In 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev, 54, succeeded Konstantin Chernenko as leader of the Soviet Union.
In 1990, the Lithuanian Parliament declared the Baltic republic free of the Soviet Union and called for negotiations to make secession a reality.
Also in 1990, Gen. Augusto Pinochet stepped down as president of Chile, making way for an elected civilian leader for first time since the 1973 coup.
In 1993, Janet Reno won unanimous U.S. Senate approval to become the first female U.S. attorney general.
In 2001, one of the worst weeks in Wall Street history began with a 436.37-point — 4.1 percent — decline in the Dow Jones industrial average. By week’s
end, all the major indexes were down 6 percent.
In 2003, published reports said a six-man Arab ministerial committee planned to travel to Baghdad to ask Iraqi President Saddam Hussein to step down and
go into exile.
In 2004, 10 bombs exploded almost simultaneously on four commuter trains in Madrid, Spain, killing 191 people and injuring 1,400.
In 2005, an accused rapist allegedly grabbed a gun from a sheriff’s deputy in an eighth-floor Atlanta courtroom and killed a judge, a court reporter and
a deputy. A federal agent died as the suspect, Brian Nichols, made his escape. Nichols surrendered the next day after holding a woman hostage overnight.
In 2006, Slobodan Milosevic, former president of Yugoslavia on trial for war crimes, was found dead in his cell at The Hague, an apparent heart attack
victim.
Also in 2006, more than 100,000 immigrants and supporters rallied in Chicago in opposition to a federal bill that would put a fence at Mexico’s border.
And, in France, proposed labor reform legislation sparked student riots across the nation.
In 2007, French President Jacques Chirac announced his retirement after more than 40 years in politics.
In 2008, the Federal Reserve outlined a $200 billion program that lets the biggest U.S. banks borrow Treasury securities at discount rates in an effort
to avert a financial crisis.
In 2009, French President Nicolas Sarkozy announced that France, a founding member of NATO, would rejoin the alliance’s military command structure after
half a century.
