In 1841, at the end of a historic case, the U.S.  Supreme Court ruled with only one dissent, that the African slaves who seized control of the Amistad slave
ship had been illegally forced into slavery and thus were free under U.S.  law.

In 1862, the opposing ironclad ships, the Union’s Monitor and the Confederate’s Merrimac (renamed the Virginia), battled to a draw off Hampton Roads, VA.

In 1864, Gen.  Ulysses S.  Grant was appointed commander in chief of Union forces in the U.S.  Civil War.

In 1917, several hundred Mexican guerrillas under the command of Francisco “Pancho” Villa crossed the U.S.-Mexican border and attacked the small border
town of Columbus, N.M., killing 17 Americans.

In 1945, 343 American airplanes bombed Tokyo with incendiary bombs, killing 83,000 people and destroying some 250,000 buildings over 16 square miles.

In 1959, Barbie, the perennially popular doll, debuted in stores.

In 1967, the daughter of Soviet dictator Josef Stalin, Svetlana, defected to the United States.

In 1986, the module containing the bodies of the seven astronauts killed in the Jan.  28 explosion of the shuttle Challenger was located off Florida.

In 1990, Haitian dictator Gen.  Prosper Avril stepped down from power under pressure and the military agreed to turn the nation over to civilian rule.

In 1991, Israeli troops fired on Palestinian protesters in the occupied Gaza Strip, wounding 55.

In 1992, a federal judge in New York announced a final $1.3 billion agreement to settle the civil suits growing out of the 1989 collapse of Drexel Burham
Lambert, once the most powerful firm on Wall Street.

In 1993, gunmen linked to the former Contra rebels stormed the Nicaraguan Embassy in Costa Rica and took the ambassador and at least 18 others hostage.

In 2004, John Allen Muhammad was sentenced to death for his part in one of the 10 Washington-area sniper killings in 2002.

Also, in 2004, a government report warned that obesity could soon become the leading cause of preventable deaths in the United States.

In 2005, Dan R.  stepped down as anchor and managing editor of “CBS Evening News.” His action followed acknowledgment of major flaws in a broadcast about
U.S.  President George Bush’s National Guard service.

In 2006, scientists reported evidence of water on a Saturn moon.

In 2007, the Justice Department accused the FBI of misusing the USA Patriot Act in gathering information on thousands of U.S.  citizens and foreign nationalists
allegedly with suspected links to terrorism.

In 2008, Pakistani Leaders voted to strip President Pervez Musharraf of certain crucial powers and reinstate the Supreme Court he had fired a week earlier.

Also, in 2008, Spanish Prime Minister Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero was re-elected to a second term.  During his first term, among other things, he removed
Spanish troops from Iraq and legalized same-sex marriage.

In 2009, U.S.  President Barack Obama lifted the U.S.  limit on funding for embryonic stem-cell research, calling it an important advancement in the cause
of science in America.

Also, in 2009, the U.N.  reported the cholera epidemic in Zimbabwe had claimed an estimated 4,000 lives with nearly 90,000 others having contracted the
disease.