In 1889, the Eiffel Tower was dedicated in Paris in a ceremony presided over by its designer, Gustave Eiffel, during the Universal Exhibition of Arts and
Manufacturers.

In 1906, the Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States, later renamed the National Collegiate Athletic Association, established.

In 1918, daylight saving time went into effect in the United States for the first time.

In 1948, the U.S. Congress passed the Marshall Aid Act, a plan to rehabilitate war-ravaged Europe.

In 1954, the U.S. Air Force Academy was established at Colorado Springs, Colo.

In 1959, the Dalai Lama fled Chinese-occupied Tibet and was granted political asylum in India.

In 1968, U.S. President Lyndon Johnson announced he wouldn’t seek re-election and simultaneously ordered suspension of U.S. bombing of North Vietnam.

In 1971, U.S. Army Lt. William Calley was sentenced to life imprisonment for his part in the deaths of 22 Vietnamese civilians in what was called the My
Lai massacre.

In 1991, the Warsaw Pact formally ended as Soviet commanders surrendered their powers in an agreement between pact members and the Soviet Union.

In 1992, the U.N. Security Council voted to impose air traffic and weapons sanctions against Libya for not surrendering six men wanted by the United States,
Britain and France in the bombings of a U.S. jetliner and a French plane.

In 1994, a state of emergency was declared in the South African Zulu homeland of KwaZulu following deadly fighting ahead of the country’s first universal-suffrage
elections.

In 1998, the U.N. Security Council voted to impose an arms embargo on Yugoslavia after unrest in the Serbian province of Kosovo turned violent.

In 2001, Serbian police and security forces attempted to arrest former President Slobodan Milosevic at his home in Belgrade on charges of corruption while
in office. Supporters forced a stand-off that lasted until the next day when Milosevic surrendered.

In 2003, Iraqi Foreign Minister Naji Sabri called on U.S. and British forces to withdraw immediately from Iraq because Iraqis were determined to “inflict
the final defeat.”

In 2004, the International Court of Justice ruled the United States breached the rights of 51 Mexicans on death row by not telling them they had consular
access.

In 2005, Terri Schiavo, a 41-year-old Florida woman in a persistent vegetative state since 1990, died 14 days after removal of her feeding tube amid a
legal struggle over her fate reaching to the White House and the U.S. Supreme Court.

In 2006, rescue workers searched for victims of a capsized cruise boat during a Persian Gulf party. Fifty-seven people were reported dead and 67 rescued.

In 2007, a U.S. air raid, car bombs and random killings reportedly killed at least 55 people across Iraq.

Also in 2007, Pakistan successfully tested its Hataf-II Abdali ballistic missile, believed capable of carrying a nuclear warhead.

In 2008, U.S. Treasury Secretary Henry Paulsen proposed long-term federal reforms aimed at overhauling regulation of the American financial system.

Also in 2008, the head of the U.S. Housing and Urban Development Department, Alphonso Jackson, announced his resignation. He had been under investigation
for alleged favoritism in awarding housing contracts.

And, the Dow Jones industrials closed at 12,262.89, down 7.6 percent since the end of 2007. It was the worst quarterly performance in five years.

In 2009, a year later, the Dow Jones industrial average closed the month at 7,608.92, up 7.7 percent, while the Standard and Poor 500 rose 8.5 percent,
closing at 797.87 and the Nasdaq composite rebounded from six-year low and closed at 1,528.59, a one-month gain of 11 percent.

In 1842, Dr. Crawford Long became the first physician to use anesthetic (ether) in surgery.

In 1858, U.S. patent granted to Hymen Lipman for a pencil with an attached eraser.

In 1867, U.S. Secretary of State William Seward reached an agreement with Russia for the purchase of Alaska for $7.2 million in gold.

In 1870, the 15th Amendment, granting African-American men the right to vote, was adopted into the U.S. Constitution.

In 1923, the Cunard liner “Laconia” arrived in New York City, the first passenger ship to circumnavigate the world, a cruise of 130 days.

In 1975, the South Vietnamese city of Da Nang fell to North Vietnamese forces.

In 1981, U.S. President Ronald Reagan was shot by John Hinckley Jr. outside a Washington hotel. White House press secretary James Brady, a Secret Service
agent and a Washington police officer also were wounded. Hinckley was found not guilty by reason of insanity.

In 1998, Armenian Premier Robert Kocharian was elected president in a runoff election in the former Soviet republic.

In 1999, a jury in Oregon awarded $81 million in damages to the family of a smoker who had died from lung cancer. A state judge reduced the punitive portion
to $32 million.

In 2003, an Iraqi spokesman said that 4,000 volunteers from 23 countries were ready to carry out suicide attacks against the U.S.-led coalition.

In 2005, Vatican officials said Pope John Paul II had a nasal feeding tube inserted after reportedly having trouble swallowing. The next day the 84-year-old
pontiff was given the last rites of the Roman Catholic Church.

In 2006, journalist Jill Carroll, a freelance reporter for The Christian Science Monitor, was freed in Baghdad after being held for 82 days by kidnappers.

In 2007, Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert said Palestinian refugees wouldn’t be allowed to return to their original homes in what is now Israel, one
of the provisions listed by Arab leaders as necessary to normalize relations.

In 2008, radical Iraqi Shiite cleric Moqtada Sadr ordered his militia to end military action in Basra in exchange for amnesty for his supporters and other
concessions.

Also in 2008, flooding in Tanzania mines killed at least 75 men, government officials said. Many of the victims appeared to have been engulfed by rising
water as they worked.

In 2009, police at Lahore, Pakistan, said at least 10 people died in the eight-hour standoff with gunmen who stormed a police academy. Some reports put
the death toll at 26 with more than 50 injured.